Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Environmental Science Phase 4 Individual Project Essay

Environmental Science Phase 4 Individual Project - Essay Example The disadvantages with the batteries of electric cars, however, include their range, long recharging process and huge dimensions. The short distance travel, normally about 100 miles maximum, makes it impossible for electric cars to be tested in long travels due to the minimum of 5 hours recharging (Lee, 2007). There are various kinds of fuel cells, but the one best applicable for automobiles is pertained to as the (PEM) fuel cell. Some of its primary aspects are its capacity to ignite the engine immediately and to function at the worst conditions, which is very beneficial due to the fact that it does not consume much energy in order to function. However, the efficiency of fuel-cell-powered vehicles is hindered by the level of fuel in its tank (Sterrett, 1994). Most fuel cells for cars are also complicated and weigh heavily: a tremendous disadvantage for automobiles. The most recommended alternative fuel for cars that does not cause pollution is the hydrogen fuel. Hydrogen fuel possesses tremendous potential as a fuel source for the next hybrid of automobiles. They do not possess limitations like what normal car batteries have. Hydrogen is burned by a chemical process that does not cause pollution. Hydrogen fuel basically integrates hydrogen and oxygen in the chemical process that equates into electric power and water as end products. Add the fact that hydrogen is the present in every surface of the Earth. Because of these excellent qualities, hydrogen has normally been pertained to as the best fuel source available on Earth. Its primary reserve in this planet is water which is also abundant everywhere (Poole, 1992). The utilization of hydrogen as a fuel source for cars perfectly coexists with the environment, and not harmful. It is very impossible for Earth not have supplies of hydrogen. Hydrogen fuel is the recommended

Monday, October 28, 2019

Case Study On A Patients Neuropsychological Assessment

Case Study On A Patients Neuropsychological Assessment TL was referred for a follow-up neuropsychological assessment to determine current symptomatology and level of functioning in light of executive dysfunction potentially manifesting itself, following traumatic brain injury incurred during a motor vehicle injury in November, 2008. TL is a 44 year old, right-handed male. Leaving school at age 15, he pursued a career in media and publishing. Prior to injury, he had been living and working in Asia for the past 13 years, where his wife and child remain to date. TL presently finds himself unable to mentally cope with previous working environment demands, where resultant financial challenges make catering for his family unfeasible. History of alcohol abuse since age 16 has necessitated repeated AA involvement. He currently leads a very restricted lifestyle, living alone in a single room and unable to handle normal daily challenges. He has served as an inpatient in hospital, as well as having had a package of care set up at home. TL exhibits no recollection of the accident itself, where upon regaining consciousness, required time to orient himself. Irregular retrograde amnesic episodes have been reported since, where he considers day-to-day memory to have improved markedly. TL has also experienced sporadic tonic seizures, for which he is receiving anti-epileptics. Most noticeably, he experiences challenges structuring daily life through multi-tasking and organization, where reliance on a notebook provides security, but is maintained somewhat chaotically. Magnetic-resonance-imaging revealed damage to large portions of the left frontal lobe and anterior temporal pole, as well as superficial sclerosis following intra-cerebral haemorrhages in the cerebrospinal fluid. TL expressed frustrations about inability to work and the implications for reunifying his family, but seemed generally optimistic that with time, normality would return. Formal assessment Behaviour during testing TL attended the session unaccompanied and punctually, appearing sober. He was attentive and oriented to time, location and the investigator. There was no evidence of speech or hearing impairments, and motor movements and dexterity appeared normal. He was co-operative and motivated to engage with presented tasks but was ardent about minimizing severity of his condition, insisting on marked improvements and anticipated return to normality. Based on these observations, test results are deemed legitimate estimates of present cognitive functioning but caution was undertaken in assessing self-reports in light of tendencies to minimize difficulties and restricted insights to own condition. General intellectual abilities Taking into consideration educational and occupational background, his pre-morbid functioning as interpreted by the National-Adult-Reading-Test-(NART-FSIQ) was average. Intellectual assessment using the Wechsler-Adult-Intelligence-Scale-(WAIS-III) suggests that verbal IQ was preserved, with abilities in vocabulary skills by defining words, reasoning skills and simple arithmetic falling within normal range. In contrast, his performance IQ, reflecting attention to detail, sequencing and abstract conceptualization abilities, was markedly reduced and estimated below average, highlighting significantly impaired problem-solving abilities since the accident. Memory function Formal memory assessments indicated a severe global deficit in ability to consolidate and recall information in both immediate and delayed tasks, substantiating memory deficits documented in everyday life. This impairment extended to both verbal and non-verbal items, presenting marked difficulties in immediately recognizing words and faces (

Friday, October 25, 2019

How Do You Define Patriotism? Essay -- Definition of patriotism

Patriotism   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Patriotism is defined as a love for or a devotion to one’s country. With the events that happened in America on September 11th, patriotism has been in everyone’s mind and heart. Young men and women have been enlisting in the armed forces to support America. Americans are flying flags on their cars and homes to show their patriotism. Millions of Americans are donating money and blood in support of the victims of the attacks. I would define patriotism as a loyalty and commitment to America and the people in our country.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One way to define patriotism is to look at an example of my enlistment in the Army and the training that I received in Basic. I decided to join the Army in 1996 after an unsuccessful attempt at college. I decided I wanted to serve my country by defending our freedom in the event that a war should happen and help other countries abroad defend their freedom also. It was in Basic Training that I was taught hand-to-hand combat, how to accurately fire a M16 machine gun, ground tactics and camouflage. The training I received prepared me to be ready to defend America. I was committed to serve and protect the country where I lived. I was displaying my patriotism for America by defending the freedoms that I and other Americans have in this country.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another way to define patriotism is to look at the effect the attack on September 11th had on how Americans show their patriotism. The attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon aff...

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Promoting Alcohol on Tv Essay

Alcoholism is the excessive and usually uncontrollable use of alcoholic drinks. There are many symptoms, complications, treatments and ways of prevention for alcoholism. Certain groups of people may be at a greater risk than others for several different reasons. There are numerous factors in why people may become addicted. Usually, a variety of factors contribute to the development of alcoholism. Social factors such as the influence of peers, family, society, the availability of alcohol, mental illness, stress, and not knowing how to cope with certain situations. It’s a common thing for an alcoholic to think drinking is the answer to all their problems, but in retrospect drinking is only adding to the multiple complications caused by being a compulsive drinker. Research has been done to explore the reason behind why people drink. However, â€Å"Exactly how alcohol affects the brain and the likelihood of reversing the impact of heavy drinking on the brain remain hot topics in alcohol research today. † (NIAAA) The effects of alcoholism have been divided into groups. There are physical effects, psychological effects and effects that contribute to many other health, safety, social and econimical problems. Some physical effects of excessively drinking alcohol can be extremely serious, or even fatal. One physical effect of alcoholism is causing cancer in the liver, kidney and stomach. Alcohol abuse is the leading factor to developing Cirrhosis of the liver. Alcohol related Cirrhosis usually develops after more then almost a decade of heavy drinking, but for some it may develop quicker; all depending on how your body reacts to alcohol. â€Å"In cirrhosis of the liver, scar tissue replaces normal, healthy tissue, blocking the flow of blood through the organ and preventing it from working as it should. Cirrhosis is the twelfth leading cause of death by disease, killing about 26,000 people each year. † Another physical effect of alcoholism is the altering of nutrients digestions which your body needs in order to remain healthy. Another physical damage that alcohol abuse brings is damaging of the neurons and thereby causing body movement alterations, depression and loss of appetite. Since drinking too much alcohol can raise some fats in the blood, that means it can also lead to high blood pressure, heart failure, and increased calorie intake which could lead to the development of diabetes. Liver diseases and illnesses aren’t the only complications of long term alcohol abuse. Alcohol abuse can also lead to birth defects. The most sever cases of birth defects are Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, and Alcohol-Related Neurodevelopment Disorder. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is what can happen when a woman drinks an excessive amount of alcohol during the pregnancy. It’s been estimated that one in every seven hundred and fifty infants is born with a patterns of physical, developmental, and functional problems referring to Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Some symptoms of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome may include premature birth weight, developmental delay, learning difficulties, and behavioral problems. Alcoholism also causes psychological effects as it changes your normal behavior and this is when you feel anxious and become depressed. Other psychological effects of alcoholism include violence, suicide, family and legal problems. Alcohol abuse can also cause economic effects. This is because getting an alcoholic drink is not cheap. If you drink several drinks on a daily basis you will definitely notice that you are spending a lot of money that can be used for other important stuff. An alarming amount of accidents, crimes and suicides, are the result of alcohol abuse by one or more family members. The latest death statistics released by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), In the United States, in 2010, more than 10,000 people died in alcohol-impaired driving crashes. That is equivalent to one every 51 minutes. Alcohol-impaired motor vehicle crashes cost more than an estimated $37 billion annually. These statistics are avoidable by not abusing alcohol or drinking in an environment that puts others at risk of becoming a statistic. Alcoholism is just as damaging to family members as it is to the alcoholic. Adult Children of Alcoholics often are in denial that their problems come from there parents or parent being an alcoholic. Many of them have severe problems with depression, aggression, or impulsive behavior. Most children of alcoholics make poor career choices and aren’t capable of being responsible parents, because they weren’t raised correctly themselves. Due to the large amount of money spent on alcohol and also possible joblessness the family may have to give up certain privileges that a non-alcoholic family wouldn’t. Being an alcoholic can totally disrupt family life and cause harmful effects that can last a lifetime. Thousands of alcoholics are helped to stop drinking every year. The chances of recovery are good if alcohol abuse or alcoholism is treated in its early or middle stages. Unfortunately, most alcoholics do not receive treatment therefore; over 90 percent of them will die as a result of their alcoholism. On the more positive side about 700,000 Americans receive alcoholism treatment on any given day. However, the techniques of alcoholism therapy only work if the patient is ready to seek help. One of the most traditional ways for an alcoholic to seek treatment is through the Alcoholic Anonymous 12 step program. Other then AA, there are many different programs available to help a person trying to seek recovery. Alcoholism is a disease that could consume ones life, but with support and treatment, many individuals are able to stop drinking and rebuild their lives. Work Cited Page â€Å"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism†. 2007. NIAAA. July. 2007 Article Source: http://EzineArticles. com/? expert=Susan_B_Ward http://www. nhtsa. gov/Impaired.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Identity Thesis Essay

Over the course of history, different theories have been formulated to help explain the complex relationship between the mind and the body. One of the theories elucidating the mind-body relation is dualism—the view that mental states are independent from physical states. Mental states are ones of thinking, feeling, and believing whereas physical states are those outlined by physical and biological sciences. In contrast to dualism, physicalism insists that mental states are somehow physical states. The most straightforward version of physicalism is the identity thesis—the theory that every type of mental state is identical to some type of physical state (Reasons and Responsibility, 285-286). Dualists and physicalists have disputed over the validity of the identity thesis; dualists denying its claim and physicalists defending it. The biggest problem facing physicalists and the identity thesis is the concept of qualia, the phenomenal quality of a mental state (Reasons and Responsibility, 281). Philosopher Frank Jackson offers what he calls the â€Å"Knowledge Argument† for qualia. Jackson’s knowledge argument presents that nonphysical facts can be devised from facts about phenomenal quality. Through the concept of qualia, Jackson’s knowledge argument shows that the identity thesis is false. The identity thesis holds that mental events are simply identical with brain processes—identical in the same manner that sounds are identical with density waves in the air. The thesis bases on the idea that mental states of thought, sensation, and awareness are alike those of physical states (such as those of the brain and central nervous system). An example of identity thesis is that lightning and an electric charge are two of the same thing. In other words, lightning is an electric charge. An advocate of the identity thesis is materialist Peter Carruthers. Carruthers argues that everything (including mental states) exists through physical causes. Carruthers’ argument for the identity thesis can be summarized from the beliefs that some conscious states and events are casually necessary for the occurrence of some physical ones, and that there will be no need to advert to anything other than physical-physical causality in a completed neuro-physiological science. Thus, some conscious states and events are identical with physical brain states and events (Reason and Responsibility, 301-302). However, the concept of qualia refutes the idea of physicalism, and is the foundation of Jackson’s knowledge argument against identity thesis. As a believer of dualism, Jackson uses the concept of qualia to support that the mind and matter are distinct and independent substances capable of existing without the other. Qualia are the subjective, felt qualities of experiences. For example, one may know all the physical properties of the color red and the physics behind why some things are red; however it is qualia that allows one to experience what it is like to actually see red. Jackson constructs his knowledge argument around the ideas of dualism and qualia. To further illustrate Jackson’s argument for qualia (and dualism), the case of Fred and his unique color vision will be presented (Reasons and Responsibility, 298-299). For some reason, Fred has the ability to see two colors where others only see one. His retina is capable of distinguishing between two wavelengths of red in which others familiarizes with only one. He tries to explain the difference between the two reds. However he fails in doing so because others do not comprehend the difference. Therefore it is concluded that Fred can visually see one more color than everyone else. Despite having all the physical information about Fred and his special trait, one cannot know what it actually feels like to see two different types of red. Thus, Jackson believes that the physicalist left something out in the theory of physicalism—the qualia or what it feels like to actually experience something. Consequently, quale explains how dualism is valid and physicalism is incomplete. The existence of knowledge through qualia (mental state) and that of physical facts (physical state) demonstrates the idea of dualism—the view that two fundamental concepts exist. Jackson’s knowledge argument derives mainly from his thought experiment of Mary; the brilliant scientist who has spent her life confined within a black-and-white room and has never seen colors. Mary learns all the physical facts relevant to the mind. She becomes an expert on the neurophysiology of vision and knows all there is to know about color. When Mary is released from her room, she experiences color for the first time. One would think intuitively that her color experiences provide her with knowledge she previously lacked, and that what she learns includes certain facts about what color experiences are like. The facts she learns upon her release cannot be physical facts because she already knew all physical facts before leaving the room. Therefore, the new knowledge comes from the concept of qualia, which indicates that not all facts are physical facts (Reason and Responsibility, 298-299). Thus physicalism is false. Jackson reaches his conclusion that the identity thesis is false by proving that mental states are not physical states. According to the identity thesis, states and processes of the mind are identical to states and processes of the brain. The concept of qualia refutes the validity of the identity thesis by presenting subjective forms of experiences. The knowledge acquired from subjective forms of experiences differs from those of physical knowledge about experiences. Since physicalism requires that all aspects of knowledge are the same, physicalism cannot be sound. Thus the identity thesis must be false. The cases of Fred and Mary show that physicalism doesn’t amount to all knowledge. The summation of Jackson’s knowledge argument can be illustrated by the following: before Mary leaves the room, she knows all the physical facts about color experiences. When Mary leaves the room, she learns new facts about color experiences—facts about what it’s like to see in color. Therefore, there are nonphysical facts about color experiences. Furthermore, the identity thesis is false because Jackson’s knowledge argument reveals that there is something about the experience of color (in Mary’s case) that cannot be captured by the physicalist view. So, physicalism is incomplete. Physicalism lacks the phenomenal quality of the mental state—the ability to experience something regardless of physical knowledge. Qualia and the mental experience can never be achieved from the premises of physicalism and the identity thesis. Thus, the phenomenal quality of experiences cannot be accounted for through physical properties of the brain. In conclusion, the identity thesis is false because nonphysical properties, like phenomenal properties, exist.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Billy Graham essays

Billy Graham essays "This is the Hour of Decision with Billy Graham, coming to you from Minneapolis Minnesota" Billy Graham, has preached to more than 210 million people through a live audience, more than anyone else in history. Not only that, but Mr. Graham has reached millions more through live televison, video and film. This has led Billy to be on the "Ten Most Admired Men in the World" from the Gallup Poll since 1955 a total of thirty-nine times. This includes thirty-two consecutive more than any other individual in the world, placing him as the most popular American for about forty years. This essay is going to talk about Graham's personal life, and what kind of family he grew up in and im also going to talk in detail about how he became an evangelist, because I feel it is very important yet interesting. His accomplishments in the fifties are uncomparable, so I will be including a considerable amount of information concerning that topic. Finally I will be talking about his personal achievements, books written, and how he has been a companion to some of the American Presidents. William Franklin Graham Jr. was born in Charlotte, North Carolina on November 17, 1918. Graham was raised on a dairy farm by William Franklin (deceased 1962) and Morrow Coffey Graham (deceased 1981). In 1943 he married his wife Ruth McCue Bell, and had four children Virginia 1945, Anne Morrow 1948, Ruth Bell 1950, William Franklin, Jr. 1952, and Nelson Edman 1958. At age eighty, he keeps fit by swimming, playing with is nineteen grand children, and from aerobic walking, in the mountains of North Carolina, where he currently lives. (Billy Graham Best Sellers, 1999) Billy Graham told Time Magazine in one article about his life before becoming a preacher. "I lived on a farm. The only difference was I had to get up early in the morning and go milk cows. When I came back from school that day, I had to milk those same cows. There were about twenty cows I had to mi...

Monday, October 21, 2019

Psychology observation essays

Psychology observation essays In observing a person you are studying there true aspects and personality. Trying to see what possibly makes the person who they are. Characterizing there body movements and behavior showing there true nature. In my naturalistic observation I will be studying two different people an hour each in the same context. I will examine there behavior, body language and social interaction. Then I will interpret what behavior and actions mean. My first hour of observation was on a young male around his early twenties. He is Caucasian with dark hair and eyes. The context for which Im studying him in is a cozy lounge area. He takes a seat in one of the chairs that looks the comfiest. He takes a CD player out of his bag and listens to music. His face becomes even more pleased when possibly one of his favorite songs has come on. His body language is calm and casual. His arms are unfolded and this shows he is comfortable and social. An assumed friend comes along. He hugs the other young person and his face swells up with glee. He is happy to see this person obviously. Instead of his casual body language it is now more at stand and his attention is pertaining to the other person. His friend pulls out some pictures. The mans facial expression represents that he connected to the pictures some how. They are compiling and interested in the pictures. He gets more intense and excited about certain pictures. This may mean he is in s ome of the photos or they bring back happy memories. Him and his friend continue talk for awhile. His friends cell phone rings and his friend answers. His friends face turns to dismay and he ends the phone conversation. His friend tells him he has to leave. My subjects face also then turns to dismay. They say there goodbyes and my subject returns to the seat. My subject picks up a magazine close to him and begins to read it. His eyebrows arch and his head bobs in contentment. He may have found ...

Sunday, October 20, 2019

40 Social Media Marketing Tips Every Marketer Should Know

40 Social Media Marketing Tips Every Marketer Should Know Ever feel like social media marketing can be, well, overwhelming? Believe us, we get it. Its a fast-moving industry, and with so much to learn and do, its easy to feel like youre falling behind. Thats why weve pulled together this list of our top 40 social media marketing tips. Its your easily skimmable go-to guide  thats full of actionable advice you can implement right now. Plus, weve included 12 free templates, guides, and infographics to help you put this advice into action. Add this page to your bookmarks and start learning! 40 Social Media Marketing Tips Every Marketer Needs To KnowGet Your Social Media Marketing Template Bundle Get more done with 12 free different templates! Heres everything your bundle includes: Social Media Content Calendar Template: Keep track of every social media post your team needs to publish. Best Times to Post on Social Media Infographic with the best times to post on every channel. Guide To LinkedIn Marketing Infographic: Packed full of stats about your favorite networking channel. Social Media Budget Template: To disperse and keep track of funding. Social Media ROI Report Template: that will walk you through how to use Google Analytics to find out how much money youre making for every post you publish. Facebook Marketing Strategy Template: To break down how youre going to use one of the worlds most popular social networks. Social Media Competitive Analysis Template: To observe and record your competitors strategies. Social Media Report Template: To track and prove how well your teams efforts are working. Social Media Proposal Template: To help you format your services and convince clients to work with your team. Social Media Strategy Guide: To help your team develop a plan of action for your social networks. How Often to Post on Social Media Infographic: that breaks down the best practices for publishing content on each social channels. Social Media Policy Template: To help outline social network expectations for your employees and deal with an emergency situation.Table of Contents Effective Facebook Marketing Tips To Get Traffic Build Traffic With These Twitter Marketing Tips Google+ Marketing Tips To Build Traffic Build Your Brand With These Instagram Marketing Tips Pinterest Marketing Tips To Get More Traffic Build Traffic With These LinkedIn Marketing Tips DID YOU KNOW: It's easy to plan, execute, and measure all your social media campaigns on one marketing calendar using ? Start your free 14-day trial or schedule a demo today. Effective Facebook Marketing Tips 1. Optimize Your Profile Picture and Cover Photo The first step for any marketing team using Facebook is creating an optimized profile picture and cover photo. Your profile picture should be: A high-resolution photo of your company's logo. Sized down to a 180px x 180px square. Still be recognizable viewing it on a mobile or tablet device. Remember your profile picture is the first thing that your audience sees in their newsfeed. Your logo should still be distinguishable in a small size. Your cover photo should be: Within the same theme as your profile picture. Should tell a more comprehensive story about who your organization is. This could be through taglines, product photos more. Sized correctly to allow your audience to see the full photo. Right now the optimum size for a cover photo (or video) on Facebook is 815px x 215px. Recommended Reading: The Best Guide to Social Media Image Sizes Every Marketer Needs 2. Fill Out Your Facebook Bio There are no shortcuts when it comes to your social media marketing.  That means you need to fill out your Facebook bio. A business's Facebook bio is broken into multiple parts including: About Section The first part of your Facebook profile is easy to fill out. It should include your company name, when your organization was founded, a phone number and email for people to contact you and a link to your website. Additional Information There is a section in your Facebook profile that will allow you to give your audience more information about your organization. This part of your bio should include a short "About Us" paragraph, a founding date, and information about the products and services your company offers. You can also add information on your privacy policy and any awards your company has received: Story Section The final part of your bio should include a story. The story section allows you to go in-depth about what makes your organization tick. You can break down product information, go deeper into how your company got started or add anything else that you think your audience needs to know when they're first learning about your organization: Here's how to optimize your business's #Facebook page.3. Set a Consistent Posting Schedule Consistently posting to your Facebook page helps get your audience into a rhythm. If they see that you share new content on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Thursdays at noon, it will help remind them to check in. According to 14 different studies, you should be posting to Facebook at least once per day: 4. Schedule Your Posts at the Optimum Time Facebook's algorithm makes it difficult for companies to reach their full audience because newsfeeds are continually reshuffling content and limiting the organic reach of your company's post. To maximize the life of your content, you should schedule your posts to publish at the best time. According to our research, we found that scheduling your posts at 9 am, 1 pm and 3 pm will give your content the best chance at attracting more eyeballs: You can either manually schedule your social media posts to send at the best times, or you can use the Best Time Scheduling feature in to publish your posts at the best time automatically: To use Best Time Scheduling, craft a social post in your calendar: Then scroll down to the bottom of your post and select  Best Time  from the drop-down menu: It's that easy. Did you know @can auto-publish all your social posts at the best times?5. Use Video To Attract Your Audience Tons of advice try and tell you what the best content type is for posting on Facebook. It ranges between images, videos, and links. Here's the truth. As of 2017 videos are the most reliable type of content that your team can publish. Why? Because the current Facebook algorithm pushes them to the top of your audience's newsfeed. Let's not forget Facebook just launched "Facebook Watch" a host platform that allows users to upload video series instead of only stand-alone videos: Introducing Watch Posted by Facebook on Wednesday, August 9, 2017 In a nutshell, your team needs to: Start with a big idea: What topic are your videos going to be centered around? Plan your shooting schedule and write your script. Create a video distribution schedule. Define your publishing and promotion schedule. Recommended Reading: How to Do Facebook Video Marketing the Right Way 6. Use Facebook Advertising To Boost The Reach of Your Posts If you want to guarantee you'll have eyeballs on your content you need to use Facebook advertising and boosted posts. Those eyeballs don't come cheap, and it's up to your social team to determine how much money you're willing to spend to get your posts in front of people. Check out this video from Hubspot to see how Facebook advertising works: If your team decides that Facebook advertising is the way to go, you'll need to: Determine your target audience. Set a budget. Create guidelines for what types of content you're going to boost. Set goals and choose metrics that will determine the success of your boosted posts. Recommended Reading: How to Set SMART Marketing Goals 7. Target The Right Audience Using Facebook's In-App Targeting Features Did you know that you can control who sees your ads based on their demographics? Facebook offers a feature that allows you to create a target demographic and push your content onto their feeds. Before this feature, you used to have to manually create your targeted ad demographics every time you wanted to publish a new ad. Now you can segment your audience and deliver the right content and the right time to help drive your customers deeper into your marketing funnel. Here's a quick video that walks you through how to set up your audiences: You can also use to create custom target audiences straight from the app. To do this start by creating a Facebook message in your calendar by clicking the  +  sign inside a date and select  Social Message: Click the target in the lower left-hand corner and begin selecting the demographics that you want your intended audience to be filtered by: Save your target audience to use on future posts by selecting  +Save Current As Preset. Title your target audience sample and click apply: will take care of the rest. Recommended Reading: 35 Facebook Marketing Tips to Drive Better Results Right Now Back To Table Of Contents Use These Twitter Marketing Tips To Get More Done 8. How To Use Hashtags On Twitter Correctly Hashtags make it easier for your audience to find your content and since Twitter is the birthplace of hashtags, you'll want to use them correctly. Hashtags fall into three categories: Branded: These are hashtags that are specific to your organization. Industry: These hashtags focus on industry topics and trends. Trending: These hashtags are centered around news related topics and will change quickly. Our advice? Mix up the types of hashtags you use in your posts and stick to using 1–2 hashtags  per tweet. If you're looking to do some hashtag research check out these sources: Hashtags.org Twubs.com Tagdef.com Hashtagify 9. Keep Your Messages Short Twitter may have just extended the length of a tweet to 280 characters but just because you have that space doesn't mean you should use it. According to our research, the best length for a tweet is 103 characters. However, this research was conducted before Twitter expanded its character limit. That means that your posts should be: Concise: Get straight to the point of what you want to say. Clear: Does what you're trying to say make sense? Conversational: Your tweets should encourage your audience to engage with you. Here are some other tips to follow when you're crafting your Twitter messages: Recommended Reading: https://.com/blog/social-media-content-creation/ 10. Don't Automate Your Direct Messages (Ever) My biggest pet peeve is when I follow someone on Twitter, and almost immediately my inbox goes off, and a canned message appears thanking me for following said person. Automated direct messages come across as impersonal, annoying and lazy. You don't want your organization to be any of those things. If you want to reach out to a new Twitter follower, be sincere about it. Try using this template to start: "Hi, [Username]. We noticed that you just started following us on Twitter. We wanted to say thank you. If you need anything, reach out and let us know." 11. Use GIFs Wisely The latest "thing" that companies are creating to get people to interact with them is to write a random relatable quote and slap a GIF on it. While that may have worked the first five times, now every company out there is trying it and when you're already trying to stand out in a crowded feed, following what everyone else is doing will get you nowhere. If your team decides that GIFs will be a part of your Twitter strategy do the following: Decide what types of posts need to have a GIF. What types of GIFs are appropriate for your organization to use. How often your teams can use GIFs per day. When using a GIF is appropriate. 12. Post At The Best Times On Twitter The lifespan of a tweet is about 18 minutes. That means you have an 18-minute window to gather the most views on your content. How do you do that? You want to post at the times when your followers are on. Here is when to tweet in general to increase retweets and click-throughs: Around 5–6 p.m. Noon specifically 3 p.m. Best times to Tweet is around 5–6 p.m., around noon, and at 3 p.m. #marketing13. Use Twitter Lists To Help Curate Content Want to know one of the hacks to keeping up a steady stream of Twitter content? Curate content from your Twitter lists. A Twitter list is a list of users that a person has added into a specific group that will generate a feed of content from only those selected accounts. These are great for when you're following a bunch of thought leaders in your industry and need some awesome content to share in a hurry. If you want to learn how to create a Twitter list check out this video: Once you've created your lists you can scroll through those select feeds and begin to curate content. However, don't just read a headline and add the article or video to your publishing schedule. Follow these three steps before you add any content to your publishing schedule: Read the entire article. A headline does not tell you all the information that is included in the content. Take the time to actually read the content before you share it. Check to make sure that the information referenced is coming from a reliable source. It's easy to skim content and share it but if they information that you share with your followers isn't accurate it can damage your own creditability, so share wisely. Give credit to the content owners. No one likes having their worked swiped from them so be sure to give credit where credit is due. 14. Use Images To Grab People's Attention On Twitter Adding images and graphics to your tweets will get you 18% more clicks. When tweeting a link to your latest blog post, use one of the images from the post to help drive more clicks on the shared link. The image should relate directly to the subject of your blog post, which should help incentivize people to click. Here are some general guidelines for using images on Twitter: Make sure you use images in every  tweet. Stick to using images that are 440 x 220px Back To Table Of Contents Google+ Marketing Tips That Will Help You Get More Done 15. Create Headlines For Your Posts The more users notice your Google+ posts, the more likely they are to engage. Not only does adding a headline help your post stand out, but Google uses the first words of your Google + post to  help it stand out in the Google searches. Adding the right headline can help your post stand out in search results, and can greatly influence the number of people who both notice and click through to your content. –Cyrus Shepard, formerly of Moz Here is an example of a Google+ headline: 16. Use Big Images To Capture Your Audience's Attention Over at Quicksprout, Neil Patel said this about images: The bigger, the better! Take advantage of the technology in web design and monitors and use big and bold images. That's one great thing about Google +. You can take advantage of those big pictures. Here are a couple of general tips for using images effectively on Google+: Use images with the .png format rather than the .jpg format to make sure you have high clarity. Stick to using images that are 426 x 255px. 17. Post At The Best Times  On Google+ You are completely missing out on traffic to your content if you aren't posting at the best times for click-throughs. Here is when to post on Google+ for more click-throughs: 9 a.m. 11 a.m. 12–1  p.m. Best times to post on Google + is at 9 a.m., 11 a.m., and from 12-1 p.m. #marketing18. Use Communities To Build Traffic Blogger Tips Tricks  said, "Google Plus has highly active, close-knit communities which can give you massive exposure.  Some of these groups have more than 100K members and have high chances of getting significant traffic if you post valuable posts." So, if you aren't on Google+ Communities with a significant amount of members, you're missing out. This thorough step-by-step video will help when looking for Google+ Communities: 19. Create Circles With Your Connections Creating Circles with other people is a super easy way to grow your Google+ following base and bring traffic to your content. You can create circles for your work, groups you are a part of, location, industry, and even for your niche. Say you want to add someone to a circle. Press follow: You'll be able to pick which circle you want to add them to: Having connections in your circles will help you grow traffic  by creating relationships. 20. Create Collections To Help People Find Your Content Easier Having collections makes it easy to organize all your content. You can share your collections publicly, or you can keep them private. When you create your first few collections, you'll see this: Click Create a collection. Name your collection here. After naming your collection,  press Create: Then you will be brought here: When you click on the pen icon, you will  be able to write up your collection post, add a link, image, and even a video. Collections give your audience an excellent way to find more content on the topics they love. Back To Table Of Contents Instagram Marketing Tips To Boost Your Strategy 21. Switch Over to a Business Profile If your organization's Instagram profile isn't a business profile yet, you are missing out on potential data. Instagram business profiles allow your team to optimize your profile, add contact information and your website into the bio section making it much easier for your audience to interact and connect with you. To switch over to a business profile, click the setting on your Instagram page: Scroll down to  Switch to Business Profile: Flip the switch, and you're done. DID YOU KNOW: Once you have an account set up, you can schedule all your Instagram posts using ? See how here. 22. Keep Your Photos Styled Within One Color Scheme Keep your Instagram profile uniform by keeping your photos within one color scheme. Not only does keeping them in this palette make it easier for fans to recognize your photos it creates a more cohesive profile. From my own experiences, I can tell you that your photo IS important but so is the look of your Instagram feed as a whole. Creating a cohesive feed helps bring the tone of your brand across without having to say a word (literally). How do you know what type of color scheme to use? Use the color scheme that is consistent with your brand. That means that you can pull colors from your logo or other branding materials. You may need to pull out your branding book or talk with your designers to find out what those colors are. If you don't have your branding developed yet think about the tone that you want your brand to convey. If you're a fashion and style brand use bold bright colors like Instagram user @rclayton: Her fashion-forward feed is full of bright, electric colors that complement bold fashion choices. Together those colors convey a sense of confidence which is on point with her personal brand. Recommended Reading: How to Build Social Media Branding Guidelines to Make Your Brand Memorable 23. Choose One Filter and Stick With It Like we've already mentioned, consistency in your content is key to a successful Instagram feed. Another way to keep your feed consistent is picking one filter and sticking with it. If you have a design team at your disposal, you may not even need a filter. If you do decide to choose a filter the first thing that you need to do is determine the aesthetic of your brand. Do you want your photos to have more of a grunge feel or a light and airy feel? Using your branding guide, look for the keywords that describe your brand. Bundle them into a group of three and experiment with different filters to find the one that you and your team believe best convey's the intended aesthetic. 24. Include an Optimal Number of Hashtags Hashtags are a big part of Instagram's posts because it allows photos and video content to become searchable on the channel. Unlike Twitter, your Instagram post has a lot more room to breath, but that doesn't mean you should go hashtag happy on every post. Too much of something is not always a good thing. Our research found that 11 is the optimum number of hashtags that you should add to a post to help encourage people to interact with it: If you're struggling to figure out what types of hashtags to add to your post try a different mix of industry, branded and trending (when applicable) hashtags. Try using a mix of #hashtags in your #social #media posts.25. Experiment With Your Posting Times Ask anyone about the best times to post on Instagram, and you'll probably get a variety of answers from 2 in the morning to later in the evening around 5 pm. What if we told you it was all of them? Active hours for your audience will vary so experiment with your posting times to see when you can garner the most reactions. Our research suggests trying: 2 am. (Unless you like sleep in which case, sleep). Between 8 am and 9 am. After 5 pm. Recommended Reading: What 20 Studies Say About the Best Times to Post on Social Media 26. Utilize The Multi-Image Feature To Stand Out In A Crowd As of February 2017, Instagram added: "Instagram Albums" or the ability to upload more than one photo to a post. Why is adding more than one photo such a game changer? It allows your team to expand on your initial post to tell a more extensive story. DID YOU KNOW: You can schedule multi-image posts in ? Learn how here. A few examples that you could utilize Instagram Albums for are: New Product Launches Instead of trying to choose one perfect photo to showcase a new product now you can show multiple angles and even use cases. Check out this example from Nike:   The incredibly soft, springy, light and long-lasting Nike Epic React is here. Get it at Nike.com before it goes. #NikeReact A post shared by nike (@nike) on Feb 22, 2018 at 7:15am PST Event Recaps Using Instagram Albums can be a great way to recap an event your organization hosted or attended. Homecoming events are a great thing to recap in an album. Check out this example from Concordia College in Moorhead, Minn.: We had to shut down all of 8th street to fit all of the Cobber pride! ðŸÅ' ½Ã°Å¸â€˜  #cordmn #rollcobbs A post shared by Concordia College (@concordia_mn) on Sep 30, 2017 at 10:20am PDT Recommended Reading: https://.com/blog/instagram-marketing-strategy/ 27. Utilize Instagram Stories To Stand Out In The App Instagram Stories is the Snapchat copycat that launched on the platform a little more than a year ago. These short ten second videos are broadcasted right to the top of your fan's feed like this: Instagram Stories can be used in a variety of different ways like: Showing behind the scenes content. Showcasing culture moments for your organization. Live demonstrations of how to use your product. The best part is that Instagram Stories go straight to the top of the app and you can add as many photos and videos as you want without having to worry about spamming your followers. Here's a quick video that shows you how to use Instagram Stories: Pinterest Marketing Tips To Get Sh*t Done 28. Pin At The Best Times Like Twitter, Pinterest is overflowing with content. That constant stream of content can make it hard to stand out which is why posting your pins at the right time will help them gain traction. Our research has shown that the following times are the optimum   periods to publish pins: From 8–11 p.m. (There is a 9 p.m. peak!) Around 2–4 a.m. and from 2–4 p.m. And last but not least 1–3 p.m.Best times to Pin on #Pinterest is at 8–11 p.m., 2–4 a.m., 2–4 p.m., and at 1–3 p.m.29. Use  Long Visuals On Pinterest To Capture Your Audience's Attention The most successful image size for Pinterest images and graphics are  long visuals. Here are a few tips for visuals on Pinterest: Make sure you link to content on your blog or website so you can convert the traffic. Stick to using images that are 600 x 1102px. Make sure that the content you add to the pin is easy to read and digest. These need to be skimmable images after all. 30. Use Keywords In Your Pin Descriptions Pinterest is a heavy keyword site meaning that if you target keywords in your pin descriptions, your pin will surface when that particular keyword is searched. To start, consult your SEO content strategy. If you've centered your content around keywords that your audience is looking for you should already know the keywords to add to your content. Pull the top ten keywords that your audience searches for and start to create content descriptions with those keywords. It's easier to think of your pin descriptions as mini meta-descriptions. In our research, we found that descriptions that were about 215 characters performed best: 31. Pay Attention To What Is Trending On Pinterest To Bring In Traffic Utilizing trending topics on Pinterest can help give your pins a little extra boost. Click on the icon next to the search bar. Then trending topics will populate in the bar below: Although trending topics can be a great way to give your pins an extra boost, don't throw your pins into a trending topic unless it makes sense for it to be there. Let's face it; it would be weird if your blog infographic showed up in a list of maternity photos. 32. Link Your Pins Back To Your Website Linking your pins back to your website is important because without that backlink your audience can't find you. Sure they could Google you, but people are lazy (myself included). Make it easy to find you. You can check your Pins to make sure they lead back to a website page by hovering over your Pin. Scroll down to  Website: If the website link is blank, you need to place a URL link there. Press Save. This might seem like a small, time-consuming step, but it's important to do a comprehensive sweep through your pinned content to make sure your pins are directing traffic to your blog or content elsewhere on the web. 33. Promote Your Pins Let's say your content is producing a ton of traffic and more than half is coming from Pinterest. Wouldn't you want to boost that pin to gain even more traffic? Promoted pins are easy to use. To promote a pin go to the left-hand side of your Pinterest profile and click  Ads. You can select a variety of different ads depending on what you want your end goal to be: For this example, we're going to promote a pin that increases traffic. Click  Create Campaign: From there Pinterest will walk you through how to set up a pin including creating a target audience, choosing target keywords, setting ad spend and more: Finally, you'll select your pin, and your campaign will start running. Easy right? 34. Design Infographics That People Want To Read Infographics are the heart and soul of Pinterest. They're visually stimulating and highly informative which makes them a sharing goldmine. But, only if they're done correctly. There are seven steps that you need to follow in order to create Pinterest-worthy infographics: Recommended Reading: https://.com/blog/how-to-make-an-infographic/ Back To Table Of Contents Maximize Your Presence With These LinkedIn Marketing Tips 35. Make A Great First Impression With A Completed LinkedIn Profile Your business wants to make a substantial first impression on LinkedIn. People are searching for a solution, and they shouldn't have to go through the extra work of having to click to your website to find out more about you. So what does a completed profile look like? A Concise About Us Description Your "About Us" description needs to be concise enough to skim but thorough enough to answer the question "What do you do and what can you do for me?" List Need To Know Company Details The next and last part of your bio should include details like where your company is located, a web address and specialties that your organization works in: Recommended Reading:  https://.com/blog/linkedin-marketing-strategy/ 36. Build Traffic By Creating Your Own LinkedIn Group Creating a group is another way to build traffic on LinkedIn. To form your group, you must: Choose a niche and specialty category that you'd like to focus on. Write up your group description. Be sure to include the name of your target market and your group's category. Monitor and manage your group. You want your group to be a clean atmosphere for people in your industry to come and chat about what you all enjoy. That means keeping a steady stream of content so be prepared to throw in articles, white papers, podcast links and more those first few weeks to keep the discussion going. Beware of people who are sharing their content merely to get a few extra page views. If the content is relevant to the discussion, by all means, leave it in. However, you don't want other group members to get spammed by content so monitor your page daily if you can. 37. Always Share Engaging Content To Build Trust There are a bunch of things that go into writing engaging messages. Make sure you have these in mind when you're writing: Write about something your audience will enjoy. Get to the point. Share your content often. When you share content filled with actionable and helpful information you are building trust with your audience. ...the next step is to stay top of mind by sharing great content that delivers on-going value to your audience. - JoAnne Funch 38. Capture The Attention Of Your Audience With Images According to Neil Patel, attaching images to your content adds 98 comments. By capturing the attention of your audience, you're able to hook them into your content and engage with them. Here are LinkedIn's golden image rules: Do your images have a personal touch? Make sure your images are 531 px wide. 39. Post At The Best Times On LinkedIn We've found that LinkedIn posts receive the bulk of their likes, comments and reach potential within 2 hours of it's posting. To maximize that potential you need to post when your audience is online. When to post on LinkedIn for the most click-throughs: 5–6 p.m. 7–8 a.m. 12 p.m. Best times to post on LinkedIn are at 5–6 p.m., 7–8 a.m., and at 12 p.m. #Marketing40. Publish Content On LinkedIn Pulse To Get More Eyes On Your Content Publish posts to LinkedIn Pulse by pressing Publish a post. (You may republish things you've published elsewhere as long  as it is your original content that you own the rights to.) Add a headline: Once you publish your post, it will appear as a long-form post. Sharing posts on LinkedIn will help build you engage with your audience and direct traffic back to your blog by including  a strong CTA. After you finish writing your post, put your bio at the bottom and link back to your website. Back To Table Of Contents Now You're Ready To Build Traffic With Social Media Marketing Tips You now know the social media marketing tips it takes to build traffic to your blog, website,  and social media profiles. If you can take one of these 40 social media marketing tips and put it into practice, you've got what it takes to conquer the world when it comes to marketing on social media.

Saturday, October 19, 2019

Cause and effect Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Cause and effect - Essay Example Racial separatism can be seen on campus-black theme dorms, black student unions, black yearbooks etc. The dorms for the white people will be arranged separately and the white students were allowed to form separate unions for their activities because of the racial discrimination policies adopted by the authorities. Most of the members of the authorities are actually against such discriminations. But only a minority still insists separate activities for the black students. Liberal attitude is more prominent in America at present which has been reflected in the recently concluded president elections. Black students have always the lowest Grade Point Average (GPA) as per the norms formulated by most of the university authorities. But the authorities will never take any conscious actions to increase the GPA of the black students. They feel that, it is not necessary to raise the grades of the black as that will be harmful to the interests of the white. Black students were always blamed for whatever the unhappy incidents happening in the American universities. It is difficult for a black student to prove his innocence in front of the authorities if the person on the other side happens to be a white. The efforts for finding out solutions for the current discrimination in American universities should start from the grass root level. The authorities should never allow any discrimination in their campus as far as racial differences are concerned. The blacks and the whites should be encouraged to mingle freely in the campus and all the campus activities must be conducted with the equal participation of both black and whites. The behaviours of the authorities should never inject a false feeling of â€Å"being privileged† in the minds of the white. The campus violation of the rules by both the black and white must be treated and punished equally. The below

Friday, October 18, 2019

The car that saved JLR Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The car that saved JLR - Coursework Example The culture of an organization is an eminent part of countless decisions made in business. The ideas, assumptions, ethics, values, attitude, and belief of an enterprise govern ways in which employees think and behave. Culture is considered as a base of organizational strength that directs the resources and holds them together. Culture is often defined as a concoction of inheritance, customs, values, lifestyle, and tradition shared within a social group (Hanges, et al., 2004). Although the definition of organizational culture is unclear, yet it is very important for every organization. The organization culture differs from one organization to another. At many situations, the terms ‘organization culture’ and ‘corporate culture’ are used interchangeably. Corporate culture is the reflection of an organization’s personality. It takes into account shared values, methods, and policies that are implemented by an organization and its employees in order to meet everyday business problems (Milne, 2007). The corporate culture of an organization is reflected in its employee’s attitude and behavior. The culture of any enterprise adds meaning, clarity, and dimensions to its various functions, thereby helping to achieve organizational goals. The organization culture allows employees to be on the same platform and defines the way they interact among themselves (Seel, 2000).According to Fincham and Rhodes (2005), main attributes of culture is that it is symbolic, unifying and holistic in nature.

Application of Law on Jasmine D'Loire's Business Essay

Application of Law on Jasmine D'Loire's Business - Essay Example Occupiers Liability Act 1957 and 1984 To begin with, Jasmine is supposed to understand Occupiers Liability Act 1957 and 1984 as this is applicable in her line of business. As stipulated in this act, this act shall have effect on determining whether the occupier of a premise, who in this case is Jasmine, are liable to any risk of suffering injury to other persons other than their visitors, who in this case could be her students and workers, due to the state of the premise as a result of things done or omitted to be done on such premises (Harr 2008). However, it is important for Jasmine to understand the contents of this act and how the act affects her business. For example, she needs to know who the law recognizes as the occupier of a premise and how such an occupier of the premise owe a duty to others. According to this act, an occupier of premises owes a duty to another (not being a visitor) in respect of any such risks as is referred above if she is aware of the danger or has reaso nable grounds to believe that it exist (Hodge 2009). On the hand, Jasmine should be aware that, by virtue of this act, owes a duty to another to see that the students or workers don’t suffer injury on her business premise by the reason of the danger caused. If such a risk happens, then she is liable (Schmalleger 2007). Health and safety at work act 1974 Although Jasmine is a sole proprietor, she might need some workers in her business; therefore, she ought to be aware of the health and safety at work act 1974. The health and safety at work act 1974 was enacted to make further provisions for securing the health, and safety of workers, and for protecting other people from the risk to health and safety in connection with activities of workers (Schmalleger 2007). In regard to JDL Dance Ltd, the health and safety act would be applicable in connection to its workers and students. In some situations, by coincidence, an instructor (worker) in JDL Dance Ltd may cause harm during train ing (for example, break of an arm) to a student, due to negligence and lack of knowledge. In this case, the student may decide to sue the business owner for the harm caused. In this case, Jasmine may be answerable for having incompetent worker in her firm (Maguire 2007). On the other hand, a worker in the JDL Dance Ltd may accidentally injure himself as a result of stepping on a slippery floor or on a broken pavement while on his duty. In this case the worker may sue JDL Dance Ltd, for failure to create a favourable working environment which caused the accident (Maguire 2007). Therefore, Jasmine is supposed to ensure that all the necessary equipments and the entire premise are safe for both her workers and students. In the health and safety at work act (1974), also stipulates that the bully’s behavior constitute a breach of employers duty to care under the health and safety at work act (1974), where employers are required to have a legal obligation to ensure both physical and psychological well being of their employees (Maguire 2007). A breach of this act is considered to have happened when the employer fails to take action when the employee brings a health and safety issue to their attention. When employees feel stressed while in their line of duty, this act interprets such a stress as consequence of the employer failure to

Economics Of Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Economics Of Industry - Essay Example Some of the factors which can define the decision making process of whether to buy or outsource also depend upon the agency relationship. Bergmann and Friedl (2008) are of the view that since managers have the private information regarding the projects therefore they intend to exert "unobservable levels of different kinds of effort in order to increase the feasibility of successfully completing the project in terms of meeting product specifications." (Bergmann and Friedl). This paper will attempt to present a comprehensive analysis of the above factors and their impact on the decision making process of whether to buy or outsource. Further, this work will also attempt to present what remedies may be available to address such problems in terms of agency cost. To make or buy is one of the fundamental dilemmas faced by the modern organizations as increasing competition and globalization is forcing organizations to re-evaluate their strategies as well as processes and technologies to better position themselves onto the competitive landscape. As discussed above that the decision to make or buy depends largely upon whether the organization is willing to refocus its strengths on exploiting its core competencies and outsource some of the activities which do not probably fall under the domain of their specialty therefore instead of developing weaknesses into strengths, organizations often consider to focus on their strengths. Secondly, lack of internal resources such as manpower, technology, economies of scales etc may force organizations to decide on buying rather than producing in house. Thirdly, cost reduction is another critical element which contributes in deciding whether to buy or make because due to lack expertise, lack of resources, org anizations may find it expensive to produce in house and rather focus on outsourcing. However, despite all these factors, there are some other critical elements which contribute to that decision making process. As discussed above that uncertainty is one of the key elements which differentiate the labor markets therefore both internal as well as external factors heavily influence the decision making process of make or buy. Internal organizational factors such as agency relationships as well as adverse selection involve the management of the firms however; uncertainty and asymmetric information may be internal as well as external in nature. Agency Relationship Diversification is one of the reasons why managers often decide to make investments so that the risk could be easily distributed across the different products as well as markets. It is also because of this reason that the managers often have to decide whether to initiate that diversification process by producing that product or procuring that machinery in-house or outsource them. However, Denis et al (1997) are of the view that there is a negative relationship between the diversification and the managerial equity ownership. (Denis, Denis and Sarin) This fact also points towards the tendency of the managers to perform in ways which create a sort of value reducing diversification for firms. Therefore taking an analogy from this fact, it can easily be inferred that while making

Thursday, October 17, 2019

BORDER SECURITY ISSUES RESEARCH PROJECT # 3 Essay

BORDER SECURITY ISSUES RESEARCH PROJECT # 3 - Essay Example Argentina’s immigration policy supports migration of permanent immigrants, temporary immigrants and people on transit to other countries. The immigration policy borrows heavily from the Patria Grande plan which allows registration and work permit issue to citizens from the  Mercosur  countries.  Mercosur  countries are mostly in South America who partner with states in the Southern Common Market (Mercosur) such as Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, Uruguay and Venezuela. In addition the Argentinean immigration policy addresses several issues that affect immigrants by ensuring protection of basic rights of all immigrants (Hines, 2010). The immigration policy has thus attracted immigrants from many underdeveloped South American countries who come to Argentina to seek jobs in industries. Argentina’s immigration policy has traditionally encouraged European immigration (Organization of American States, 2012). This is evident in the Argentinean constitution which shows that there is a  desire  to promote the migration of people from European states. In addition it is also attributed to the country’s history of European immigration to the country at the end of the 19th  century.   Critics have however argued that this is a rhetoric that promotes preferential treatment to immigrants from European countries. However, various other legislations to promote  equitable  treatment of immigrants  have been enacted. Over the years there have been several cases of people migrating to Argentina from the U.S. Reasons for immigration from America to Argentina include: immigration to work on professional jobs, settling of Argentine Americans in their ancestors’ country of origin and the settling tourists who want to be citizens in Argentina. Argentina’s immigration policy for migrants from the United States is not very restrictive as compared to the America’s policy for immigrants from Argentina (Hine, 2010). However, due to the restrictions that

Toyota Motor Corporation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Toyota Motor Corporation - Research Paper Example Apart from that, TMC remains ahead on contemporary concerns dealing with additional corporate conscientiousness of the earth, as well as environmental issues. Apart from launching the production of modern vehicles, TMC engages itself in the manufacture of the IMV Project in India, Argentina and South Africa, for the creation, as well as identification, of more efficient and productive supply systems on the global scale. TMC is much more than only a car company, residing in a number of geographical sites, working to promoting vehicle production while, at the same time, promoting continuing advancement in the mobility’s experience, striving to improve a society (Young, 2007). TMC gets credit for being the leading company in market shares in Australia while, at the same time, commanding an impressive part of the United States’ market by accounting for 1.61B shares out, regarding a market cap of not less than 207.44 Billion. This is in supplement of momentous market shares in Europe, Africa, together with the fast-developing market presence in Southeast Asia. Therefore, TMC is on its way to turning into the largest, while, at the same time, the most successful auto manufacturer globally, thereby quickly proceeding in outdoing its extensively challenging competitors (Rittenberg, 2011). The primary executives in TMC appear to be making it a lifetime investment compared to the turnover rate, as well as attrition of various corporations. Undoubtedly, this is partly an attribute of the family-leaning, team-driven and at the same time ethically-motivated environment emulated by TMC; apart from that, there is a notable and impressive level of participation exhibited by executives at the level of management. Fostering authentically reciprocal, dynamic, highest officials, tend to be profoundly engaged in all the facets of the company, in most cases presiding over a number of aspects, while always endorsing the underlying ethical principles of the business phil osophy. An instance of this esteemed individual commitment is portrayed by Mr. Suzuki who is the Chief Financial Officer, while performing several other duties like Chief Business Development Officer, as well as Chief Accounting Officer; the same situation is with other relevant Toyota personnel. This degree of commitment, along with the participation appears to slot in the trickle effect, pushing itself to the highest degrees, as well as working its way down. Conversely, the managers, together with personnel beneath the Board of Directors get encouragement while they are expected to be involved in inputting and creating improvements, rather than simply being the rubber stamps to the decisions delegated to them. As a result, the appropriate executives embraces such critique, utilizing this constructive criticism in the creation of a better product, advanced work environment, as well as improved production approaches (Plunkett, 2006). Unlike the majority of American companies, TMC ac knowledges the value found in valuing employees considering that, eventually, it is their performance along with the motivation that is capable of making or breaking the production together with the financial success of any organization. However, there are crises, such as

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

BORDER SECURITY ISSUES RESEARCH PROJECT # 3 Essay

BORDER SECURITY ISSUES RESEARCH PROJECT # 3 - Essay Example Argentina’s immigration policy supports migration of permanent immigrants, temporary immigrants and people on transit to other countries. The immigration policy borrows heavily from the Patria Grande plan which allows registration and work permit issue to citizens from the  Mercosur  countries.  Mercosur  countries are mostly in South America who partner with states in the Southern Common Market (Mercosur) such as Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, Uruguay and Venezuela. In addition the Argentinean immigration policy addresses several issues that affect immigrants by ensuring protection of basic rights of all immigrants (Hines, 2010). The immigration policy has thus attracted immigrants from many underdeveloped South American countries who come to Argentina to seek jobs in industries. Argentina’s immigration policy has traditionally encouraged European immigration (Organization of American States, 2012). This is evident in the Argentinean constitution which shows that there is a  desire  to promote the migration of people from European states. In addition it is also attributed to the country’s history of European immigration to the country at the end of the 19th  century.   Critics have however argued that this is a rhetoric that promotes preferential treatment to immigrants from European countries. However, various other legislations to promote  equitable  treatment of immigrants  have been enacted. Over the years there have been several cases of people migrating to Argentina from the U.S. Reasons for immigration from America to Argentina include: immigration to work on professional jobs, settling of Argentine Americans in their ancestors’ country of origin and the settling tourists who want to be citizens in Argentina. Argentina’s immigration policy for migrants from the United States is not very restrictive as compared to the America’s policy for immigrants from Argentina (Hine, 2010). However, due to the restrictions that

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

South west region cuisine (Arizona, Utah, Texas etc) Essay

South west region cuisine (Arizona, Utah, Texas etc) - Essay Example The American historical regional cuisine is still very much alive today, and it is what differentiates different regions. The South West region is characterized by rustic cooking, comprising of a fusion of various ingredients and diets that could have been eaten by the native Mexicans and the colonial settlers from Spain (Olver, 2014). Therefore, the characteristic cuisine of the South west region is the Mexican food, mainly characterized by the use of large chunks of meats, with beans as the accompaniments and chili pepper as the main spice (White, 1993). Thus, the combination of the large chunks of meat, beans and chili pepper making a thick soup, serves as a characteristic South west region cuisine, which is very popular even nationally and abroad. Nevertheless, even within the South west region, the preferred cuisines do vary, with the regions of Utah, New Mexico and Colorado being popular for the New Mexican cuisine, which is basically the Chili soup, while Texas has a fusion of the New Mexican cuisine with its own ingredients, to form the cuisine referred to as Tex-Mex while Arizona has its own p opular cuisine referred as Sonoran (Olver, 2014). The Tex-Mex is unique, notably because of the use of Sour cream, which is a basic ingredient used both as an ingredient in cooking and as a cooling garnish. Therefore, the Tex-Mex cuisine comprises of the large amount of meat, cumin, cheese and the characteristic sour cream (Detterick-Pineda, 2004). The Tex-Mex is a fusion cuisine from different regions, which has combined the characteristic large chunks of meat with cheese and the sour cream being a German influence, to deliver a unique cuisine to the State, which continues to evolve even to date. On the other hand, the Cali-Mex is a cuisine popular in the South west region coastal State of California (White, 1993). The state is one bordering Mexico, and

Monday, October 14, 2019

Customer Delight In Banking Sector Marketing Essay

Customer Delight In Banking Sector Marketing Essay One important question which arises in every single managers mind is how he/she can leave an ever lasting mark in the mind of a customer, to make sure he/she comes back and remains loyal to ones organization. Now as services uniqueness life has shortened, every single Bank is providing the same services like its competitor. The only solution for the said question is to delight the customers, which competitors and said banks have failed to do so. Achieving the customer delight and experience requires the organization to realize that it is dynamic and merely represents moving targets or ambitions. However, there is no flat target to accomplish customer delight. This is the age of customer delight where customers receive more than they deserved or have ever imagined. Customer delight in banking sector was never researched till now, as we have found out how the account holder of banks can be delighted not just by their services but by reaching beyond the expectations of the customers. Our research started with exploratory investigation to indentify the elements, which create delight in the mind of customers, which enable us to create a customer delight model with eight variables. They become the fundamentals of a customer delight model. Delight model was tested on Bank account holders, which provided us the successful validation of our research. Customer delight model in Banking provides fundamental elements for creating customer delight for the Bank account holders as Management can focus on eight variables for making sure the customers remain Loyal and remain profitable for the organization. Keywords: Customer Delight, Beyond Customer satisfaction, Delight is banking Table of Contents Table of Contents 3 INTRODUCTION 4 Literature Review 6 Research Methods 16 Qualitative Development of Delight measure 16 Exploratory Investigation 16 Focused Interviews 16 Insights from Exploratory Investigation 17 Insight from Focus Interviews 17 Establishing of Customer Delight Model 18 Customer Delight Model 19 Quantitative Testing of Delight measures 21 Empirical Study 21 Data Collection: 21 Respondents profile 21 24 Data Analysis 24 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE RESEARCH 28 References 29 INTRODUCTION The authors investigated the concept and factors which influence delighting the customers in banking. Exploratory research investigated the factors and elements, which will create customer delight, researched based on focused group interviews, which lead to establishing a customer delight model and later on tested on 300 respondents. This recognized a concrete successful validation of the customer delight model. For establishing a delight model, Customer delight researched based on eight variables, which were investigated by asking open ended questions from various customers, which brought them to the state where they have felt over excited from service or in other words felt delighted from Bank services. Once all the data was gathered then every answer was categorized into Specific categories, which brought us the eight variables. These brought the customer delight in the mind of customer from bank services. Can bank delight its customers with its services? Seems like a simple question but in fact is a hard one to answer as every single bank is providing the same service and life cycle of creating competitive edge which has shortened a mile! Currently banks are concentrating on satisfying the customer from their services but in todays fast moving world, customers cant only be satisfied in just 1 single way in order to remain royal to the bank as all the banks are providing the homogenous services. Even if a single bank comes with unique service then its competitive advantage life time shortens as all follow suit. If the customers cannot remain loyal by being permanently satisfied then how can they become (removed word) permanently loyal to their bank? The solution to that is to delight the customers from their services, now how banks can delight the customer? This, the banks are still unable to discover, this is what actually our research is all about. Eight variables filtered by our initial exploratory research, create the customer delight in the mind of bank account holders from their banks. We emphasize that if these 8 variables are implemented in banking system for their customer; it will create delight and will create an ever lasting effect on the customer, instead of all of the banks providing same services which can not create a room for halting the change loyalty from one bank to another. Customer satisfaction the individuals perception of the performance of the product or service in relation to his or her expectations (Schiffman and kanuk, 2004) era has end and now customer delight profoundly positive emotional situation generally resulting from having ones expectations go beyond to a surprising degree. (Oliver, Rust, and Varki 1997) has started implementing on customers retention. Customer delight is the ever long-lasting answer to success. Customer cannot be delighted if until or unless he/she is not satisfied from the presented services, the factors or eliminates of delightness comes after the fulfilling of satisfying consumer needs. The delighted customer is more valuable for the company as it will help the organization to compete with its competitors. The age of customer delight has started where a customers satisfaction is no longer considered as Bank success or the service provided by it. Competitive edge is no longer applicable because almost every bank is providing the same services in term of quality as well as in quantity. The difference which makes between the banks success is how they fulfill their customer required services at the time when they required the most. Customer delight creates the ever lasting edge for the bank in Red Ocean of banking sector. Now the question arises on how to delight the customer when every bank is providing the same services which cannot be distinguished from each other. This question has a unique set of characteristics because it contains the customer delight process which has never been researched until now. Delighting a customer is not just a simple question to answer because customer delight is not just for overall customers; its for every individual customer of the bank. Literature Review Delighting the customer is very debatable topic as critics has suggested that if once raised the customer expectation bar, later it becomes impossible to give same level of experience to that customer, which in long run will also hurt the companys reputation as explained by Oliver and Rust 2000. Customer delight is a rising concept in marketing and little work has yet been done on it. As such, no consensus is reached about delight but it is generally posited as customer response to unexpectedly good performance from a service firm (Keiningham and Vavra 2001; Kumar 1996). Customer satisfaction is extensively recognized as a key authority in the formation of customers future purchase intent (Taylor Baker, 1994). According to Patterson (1997) customer delight involves going beyond satisfaction to delivering what can be best described as a pleasurable experience for the client. Michael Arthur Johnson explained on his customer delight website that When some one create WOW then you have place a very special peg in the recollection of the customer that is easy to recollect. It creates the opportunity of the customer telling the story regarding their WOW incident to many friends, acquaintances and strangers. It creates the free publicity that you cant place a temporary value to. Customer delight creates a cycle of coming back again and again for the customer. It creates the word of mouth publicity to draw new customers without spending any extra money on advertisement. It brings the firm at the top of the list among the competitors with a unique place in the mind of customers and differentiates one firm from the rest. It permits you to sell your products or services for additional money than the competition. It allows you to make extra return on your investment. Delighted customers are those where you foresee their needs; present solutions to them before they request and where you monitor to see if new or supplementary expectations are mandatory to be deployed. Whats wrong with just providing the customer service to customers when they require as explained by Michael Arthur Johnson. Michael Arthur Johnson says the difference between success and failure is only customer delight. Traditionally delight has been thought of a blend of joy and surprise (Kumar, A., Olshavsky, R.W. and King, M.F. (2001). However a recent study suggests that customer can be delighted without being surprised (Kumar et al., 2001). Although joy remains an important element of delight, the study suggests that a greater number of people are exhilarated, thrilled and to a lesser extent exuberant (Kumar et al., 2001). Satisfied customers are not necessarily leave with a firm; they are purely at ease. Delighted customers on the other hand have greater admiration for the firm and its services. Paul (2000) states: Unfortunately, people dont talk about adequate service. Instead, they tell anyone who will listen about really bad or really delightful services. Paul says that delight generate more positive word -of- Mouth for the company. Being only satisfied with a firms product or services does not necessarily mean that customer will prefer the company or rejects it but its just simple expression of acceptance. Delighting customers is about providing a product and services that are outstanding and stimulates customers preference towards a firm or its services. Companies are also realizing that loosing a customer means loosing more than a single sale: it means loosing the entire flow of purchases by the customer made over a lifetime of purchase. It has also been anticipated that as the level of satisfaction increases, so does customer become loyal to the firms product and services (Kotler and Amstrong 2001). Kumar et al., 2001 explain that these studies found that customers who where extremely satisfied were more loyal than customers who says they where satisfied. From many years customer satisfaction is used for the indicator of organization health and success. In recent times it has been argued that in order to succeed in red Blue Ocean of competitive environment it become a necessity to do more than just satisfy the customer but now organizations have to delight the customer for staying alive in the competition.. Delighting customers is a splendid ideal, but what kind of impact does it have on the company? Does customer delight lead to increased success and good monetary health of the firm? According to Rust and Oliver (2000) Research reviewed here strongly suggests that delight cannot be accomplish without surprisingly positive levels of performance, which as noted previously, require additional effort on the part of the firm or its agents. As Rust and Oliver (2000) explain that delighting the customer for organization can be harmful as the expectation of the customer extends and the customer does not get the level of services he is expecting from the organization. In the end the customer become dissatisfied from the organization. Satisfied customers will also tell others about their favorable experiences and therefore connect in positive word of mouth advertising (Richens, 1983; File Prince, 1992). Customers, who are dissatisfied, are most likely to switch brands and become active in the negative word of mouth advertisement of the brand. Furthermore, behaviors such as replicate purchase and word-of-mouth straight influence the feasibility and profitability of a firm (Dabholkar, P.A., Thorpe, D.I. and Rentz, J.O, 1996), A study was conducted by the Levesque and McDougall (1996) confirms and resistant the idea that unsatisfactory customer service results in a drop of customer satisfaction and hesitation to recommend the services to others. This would lead to large number of customer switching rate of customer to another brand as well as the negative word of mouth. A well known academic article on customer delight is by Oliver, Rust and Varki (1997). The authors give delight both hypothetical and an applied perspective, Delight appears as resulting from a Blend of pleasure and arousal. In their article they have presented a model and a test which has both delight sequence and a satisfaction sequence which leads to intentions of the customers. Model was tested using two consumption experiences a recreational wildlife theme park and a symphony concert. In the test the direct and indirect effects on both consumption experiences and on intentions of delight were not constant to its experiences. His indicates the probable effect of the moderating variables on the impact of delight on behavioral intentions. The model tested in Oliver, Rust and Varki is essentially a conceptual psychological model of the process of delight that can occur within consumption experiences of the customers. From the model of Oliver, Rust and Varki (1997) provide the evidence that delight has three direct antecedents such as Surprising consumption, Arousal or Heightened activation and Positive affect, all these three leads to customer delight. Model develops new insight concerning that produce delight when situation triggers surprise in a content of positive effect and arousal. The conservative wisdom is that if you have satisfied customers then you will have loyal customers. It sounds right, but actually its wrong said by Dr. John T. Self. Not only satisfaction of customer can create loyalty but its more than just satisfying the customers. As further he explains that in his opinion loyalty frequently develops when customers get concerned with the company over the ordinary transaction. Means that all the companies are providing the homogenous services and now customers require other than normal services provided by the company. Hence, customers looking beyond expects more from the services so that they can feel delight and be over whelmed. Berman, B. (2005), suggested that organization have to do more than what the customer expects from them and delighting the customer rather than just satisfying them. Berman differentiate customer delight and satisfaction. As satisfaction relate to the meeting the expectation of the customers or exceeding their expectations as customer delight on the other hand customers receive a positive surprise or delight that is afar their expectations. While comparing the satisfaction, customer delight is more toward the customer positive and emotional response against the service. In customer delight the emotional response as compare to the satisfaction has less memory for customer as compare to the delight. Delight a phenomenon that represents the highest level of satisfaction, leading to a stronger intent to repurchase (Jones and Sasser 1995).Customer delight has never happened without high performance and such performance brings not only benefits to customers but also makes them excited (Kwong and Yau 2002). To delight customers, it necessitates a superior and endless effort from firms to deliver extraordinarily high-quality services. This effort has to be recognized and cherished by customers. The major reason to chase delighted customers is the belief that they are more profitable to serve because they are more loyal, that is to say, they tend to have a stronger intent to repurchase. In general, they are apostles who give unfailing support to the firm (Oliver H. M. Yau and Kenneth K. Kwong 2007). Behaviourally, delighted customers tend to view the firm positively and prefer to buy from it (Keiningham et al. 1999; Schneider and Bowen 1999).Rust et al has stated financially, this preference translates to a profit and represents a stream of future income to the focal firm (Rust et al. 1994). In sum, these positive propositions imply that customer delight is a valuable business goal to pursuit (Rust and Oliver 2000). Customer service is what organization do for the customers but customer delight is what the customer has experience when he has been indulgence with way he wanted to. Customer delight does not come from giving additional services but comes from the quality of services make available to customer at the time he or she required most. Opportunities to delight customers also lay in service provider capability to go above and beyond in service delivery. Long-term relationships with customers offer the opportunity, through personalized service, to go beyond the customers expectations and delight them (Zeithaml and Bitner, 2003), Delight is more likely to occur in state where customers are vastly involved, where service quality is uneven, and where overwhelmingly exceptional performance is unexpected (Oliver et al., 1997). According to Peter, P.J. and Olson, J.C. (1996) Pre-purchase prospect are beliefs about predictable performance of the product; disconfirmation transfer to the variation between pre-purchase prospect and post purchase perception. Customer satisfaction is usually illustrate as the full meeting of ones expectations (Oliver,1980).but Delight is a positive consequence of exceeding the customers expectations (Keiningham and Vavra, 2001),Customer delight create the difference between the only satisfied customer and overwhelmed customer who are more loyal to organization Jack Mitchells latest book Hug Your Customers (2003) provides many instances that illustrate the long-term financial benefits that derive from construction those emotional bonds with customers. He suggests that competitive advantage is built in the course of providing both physical and psychological hugs to customers, eventually delighting them with consistent, zealous and committed customer service. Delighted customers are more likely to inform others that they are delighted, which in turn may draw other consumers to do business with that organization. The delighted customers might also be more likely to increase their own spending with the delighting organization, and exhibit increased customer faithfulness (Keiningham and Vavra, 2001). The possibility of delighted customers to repeat a purchase is known to be about six times more than satisfied customers (Reichheld and Sasser 1990). It represents the highest level of satisfaction, leading to a stronger intent to repurchase (Jones and Sasser 1995). Customer delight is never happened without high performance and such performance brings not only benefits to customers but also makes them excited (Kwong and Yau 2002).This effort has to be acknowledged and appreciated by customers. Customer delight is, therefore, defined as an emotional response creating a much pleasured state concerning a firms soaring performance in service delivery, which is then highly praised (Kwong 2006).Behaviorally, delighted customers tend to view the firm positively and prefer to buy from it (Keiningham et al. 1999; Schneider and Bowen 1999). Financially, this preference translates to a profit and represents a stream of future income to the focal firm (Rust et al. 1994). Long-term relationships with customers present the opportunity, through personalized service, to go beyond the customers expectations and delight them (Zeithaml and Bitner, 2003).Therefore, despite the fact that delighting the customer can be a profitable business practice (Rust and Oliver, 2000), Delight is going beyond simply satisfying the customer to delivering a higher level of satisfaction through exceeded expectations (Oliver et al., 1997). This concept of a higher-level of satisfaction is seen by many practitioners as the way to provide a distinct advantage to the company that does it first and does it well consistently (Chandler, C.H. 1989, p. 30, quoted in Oliver et al., 1997). Delighted customers are more likely to tell others that they are delighted, which in turn may attract other consumers to do business with that organization. The delighted customers may also be more likely to boost their own spending with the delighting organization, and exhibit increased customer loyalty (Keiningham and Vavra, 2001). Prof. Kano, the Kano Model categorizes customer needs into three types of feature. Customers are asked a series of questions that identify the importance of their needs and the following typology of features can be arrived at durability of a car might be considered Basic qualities. They do not satisfy when present, but do dissatisfy when absent. (Elmar Sauerwein, Franz Bailom, Kurt Matzler, Hans H. Hinterhuber 1996) Oliver, Rust and Varki (1997) squabble that delight is a combination of pleasure and arousal (whereas satisfaction is a mixture of pleasure and disconfirmation), and show that both satisfaction and delight can manipulate repatronage intentions. According to Berry, L.L., Parasuraman, A. Zeithaml, V.A. (1988) service quality has become a great competitor and the most powerful competitive weapon which many leading service organizations possess. Service business success has been associated with the ability to deliver superior service (Gale, 1990; Rudie Wansley, 1984). Leading service organizations strive to maintain a superior quality of service in an effort to gain customer loyalty (Zeithaml Bitner, 1996).Evaluating the impact of service quality through customer retention will help companies to gauge the financial impact of service quality (Zeithaml et al., 1996). Customer satisfaction no longer constitutes the convincing focus for success; it has been replaced by customer delight (Brown, W.S., Bowen, D.E. Swartz, T.A. 1992). In todays competitive environment, customers expectations and technological innovation demand that service leaders distinguish them selves from the competition by truly delighting the customer (Kandampully, 1997). Customers perception of exceptional service is often associated with the personal interaction of the employees (Kandampully, 1993). Services management literature has repeatedly emphasized the significance of the human element in the delivery of higher service (Crosby Stephens, 1987; Gronroos, 1990b; Parasuraman et al., 1985; Solomon, m.r., Surprenant, c., Czepiel, j.a. Gutman,(1985)). We now live in a service economy where relationships are becoming more important than physical products (Albrecht Zemke, 1985a), in terms of both our business and our personal lives. Business is nothing but relationship (McCormick, M. 1988) and, within service industries, this relationship is an interactive process (Booms Bitner, 1981). The challenge for todays organizations is not merely to reach the top, but to stay there. If that is an organizations aim, its primary focus should be not just to attract customers, but to gain their loyalty and, thus, their patronage, not merely for the current, but also for the long term. This loyalty, however, is the end result of an on-going, long-term relationship. Such relationships are founded on an organizations ability to maintain and extend its relationships with customers (Gummesson, 1994). According to Levitt (1983), buyer ± seller interaction is similar to a marriage; the quality and duration, however, depends predominantly which the organization manages the relationship. Customer supplier relationships are central to exceeding customer expectations (Parasuraman et al., 1991c). Thus, it is apparent that customers cannot `try out services; they purchase a service prior to experiencing it and must trust it to deliver the perceived service promise (Berry Parasuraman, 1992). According to Kanos theory of attractive quality (2001), success cannot be gained only by listening to what customers say. What needs to be gained is a deeper under-standing of the customers latent needs. He has described the factors that influence customer purchase decisions as a model with three main factors: basic (must-be), performance (more is better or one-dimensional) and delight (excitement or attractive). Additional factors are indifferent and reverse, but these add relatively little to this context. The basic factor must be met; otherwise the customer will react with disappointment or disgust. If all basic factors are met, the customer reaction is neutral. Research generally supports the claim that word of mouth is more influential on behavior than other marketer-controlled sources. Indeed, it has been observed that WOM can be more influential than neutral print sources such as which and Consumer Reports (Herr, P.M., Kardes, F.R. and Kim, J. (1991). Arndt, J. (1967) was one of the earliest researchers into the influence of WOM on consumer behavior. He characterized WOM as verbal, person-to-person communication between a receiver and a communicator whom the receiver perceives as non-commercial, concerning a brand, product or service. Customer delight can be defined as an emotion, characterized by high levels of joy and surprise, felt by a customer towards a company or its offering (product/ service) (Kumar 1996). Thus, customer delight is defined as a rather positive emotional state towards the purchase/consumption experience, generally derived from the surprisingly positive disconfirmation level of perceived performance (Oliver et al. 1997; Rust and Oliver 2000). Delight would be characterized as an emotion made up of cognitive and affective aspects, including here surprise (Kumar 1996). In this sense, Izard, Carroll E. (1977), clarifies that even the cognitive concepts inherent in satisfaction and, consequently, in customer delight such as need and desire -, and its comparative standards are considered affective by nature or, at least, as having an affective component. The differentiation basically occurs at an arousal level of the positive emotional response: at a low level there lies satisfaction; at a high level, delight (Oliver and Westbrook 1993). As Plutchiks, Robert (1980) research and the circumflex model of emotions appears to be one of the earliest and most common source for labeling delight as a mixture of joy and surprise, we review the work of which led Plutchik to conclude that delight was comprised of joy and surprise.Plutchik carried out two studies to determine what emotions resulted from the different combination of pairs of basic emotions. Basic emotions were supposed to be emotions that were instinctual and universal among all the human begins (or even among all mammals) and Plutchik had eight emotions which were considered basic and made up one layer of his circumflex model of emotion. Research Methods Qualitative Development of Delight measure Exploratory Investigation Till now the literature for customer satisfaction has only been studied and proved but the customer delight has never been researched upon. For sound conceptual background and for investigation of customer delight in the banking sector, qualitative study was undertaken to investigate the delight concept especially in the minds of their customers. Almost all the banks are providing homogenous services; our main emphasis is on the customer reaction towards the services provided and the experience they faced when they felt excited and delighted from their banks. Focus interviews with the customers was the main part of our research. This provided us with the exact moment or situation, which created customer delight in the mind of a customer. Creating the base for our focused interviews, we distributed an open ended questionnaire, in which the customers were asked to write down the situation where they felt excited or delighted by the service which their respective bank has provided to them when they really required it. We received many situations described by the customer, where they received the service which made them delighted or when they felt excited. Every single response was carefully studied and put under a category, where situations were the same. Focused Interviews Focused interviews consisted of respondents from all walks of life including Housewives, Businessman, Employees, and students. Every focused interview was based on the category which responded a particular response in the questionnaires. Discussions regarding their response to the questionnaire provided the opportunity for the respondent to explain in detailregarding their moment(removed letter) of getting excited or delighted from their banks service. Discussions were based to bring the respondent to the exact reason or moment on why the customer felt delighted. Every respondent was provided the opportunity to elaborate their experience to reach the moment or reason of delight that they felt from the service. Insights from Exploratory Investigation From the exploratory investigation a remarkably completely different pattern of customer delight came out, which was totally different from the nominal services provided by the banks to the customers. Account holders were satisfied from the service provided by the bank as almost all the banks are providing the same type and quality of services but what made the customers delighted, were the occasion when they were offered or received an out the way service from their bank ,which they never expected or ever received before. All the delights of the customers were situations and occasions based on what they had experienced in their daily routine. Outcomes were categorized into the related fields as to what made a customer feel delight from the service. Insight from Focus Interviews Interviews were summarized in categories of the situation or the time when a customer felt delighted from the banks service. Outcomes were surprising as the customers felt delighted not from the homogeneous services provided by the banks but from the acts which customer had received from the banks other than their normal routine practice. Account holders explained in detail regarding the situations that they have felt from their bank, which caused delight. Customers replies were investigated to reach the exact moment in the time in which they received a delightful service from their bank. As the respondents were from different walks of life so their perception toward delight were also different. If the respondent was already getting same service from his bank then there was no reason to be delighted from the instrument we have purposed. Reactions were very important of customer toward the situation they were asked about, as delight is all about the over whelming experience for the customer. Every focused interview session were categories under eight variables, which become the fundamental elements of the customer delight model. Respondent reached the concession that eight variables, which were the outcome from the exploratory studies were eliminates, made them delight from the service. Establishing of Customer Delight Model After completing the focused interviews and gathering the data of the interviews, we came to an understanding on how to establish the customer delight model as per the outcome of the respective customers interview. Model, which consists of eight variables, was sub defined as per the perception of the respondents. Among these eight variables, six of them had clear understanding in the minds of the customers that it is the factor or eleme